Thinking steps of dealing with things scientifically

Research-oriented courses mainly include subject research and project design, but in the specific inquiry process, their thinking methods are basically the same. Before concrete inquiry, students must first master scientific thinking methods. It requires not only enthusiasm and perseverance, but also mastering the correct technology and learning scientific thinking methods. The way of thinking determines the process of research. A good way of thinking can find the essence of things from complex phenomena, find the main factors of things' changes from complex factors, and make things orderly. Generally speaking, there are mainly the following ways of thinking: (1) reverse thinking. L, what is the reverse thinking method? The so-called reverse thinking method refers to the method that people think about problems from the opposite angle in order to achieve a certain goal and guide them to enlighten their thinking. When facing new things and problems, we should learn to analyze and study new things and solve new problems from different aspects and angles. In ancient China, there was a story that Cao Chong called an elephant. Cao Chong did not directly consider how to weigh an elephant according to the usual thinking, but how to weigh an elephant, that is, how to weigh a pile of stones. This is a good example of the application of reverse thinking method. From 65438 to 1940s, the British physicist Joule (18 18- 1889) devoted himself to the study of perpetual motion machines that did not consume energy. He spent a lot of time, but to no avail. Later, Joule and other scholars adopted the method of reverse thinking. A lot of experiments have been done by reduction to absurdity, which proves that water can't move, thus discovering the law of energy conservation and transformation. 2. Types of reverse thinking. Generally speaking, reverse thinking can be divided into four categories: structural reverse thinking, functional reverse thinking, state reverse thinking and causal reverse thinking. Structural reverse thinking. It refers to the thinking method of thinking from the reverse structural form of existing things in order to seek new ways to solve problems. Generally speaking, we can think backwards from the structural position, structural materials and structural types of things. The inventor of the "double-pointed embroidery needle", which won the first prize in the 4th China Youth Invention Competition, is Dolly, a student of Yiliexiang Primary School in Wuhan. He designed the position of the pinhole to the middle and processed the two ends into needle tips, which increased the embroidery speed by nearly half. This is a typical example of structural reverse thinking. Functional reverse thinking. It refers to the way of thinking that seeks new ways to solve problems from the opposition of the original things. When it comes to functional reverse thinking, people often think of such a sentence, "Failure is the mother of success". An employee of 3M Company happened to find that the original discarded paper can be turned into paste paper after certain treatment, thus creating huge profits for the company. State reverse thinking. It refers to people's way of thinking of creating and inventing by understanding things according to the opposite of a certain state. In the past, carpenters used pots and planers to process wood, and the wood was moved without tools (actually, it was moved manually). In this way, people's physical consumption will be great. In order to change this situation, people designed and invented the planer from the point of view of fixing tools and moving wood, which greatly improved the efficiency and technological level and reduced the labor force.