There are two main types of government-run primary schools in the early Qing Dynasty, namely, clan schools and official schools, which are presided over by clan schools and official schools respectively. Religion refers to schools sponsored by various schools (such as Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism). ), which mainly trains religious talents and children with both physical and mental skills; Fu Xue refers to a school sponsored by the government, which mainly trains officials and scholars. These two types of schools were independent and did not interfere with each other in the early Qing Dynasty.
Although religious studies and official studies have different backgrounds and functions, they both take the four books and five classics as teaching materials and attach importance to the education of traditional classics. Religious education pays attention to religious education, moral education and ritual inheritance, and mainly cultivates religious and cultural talents such as monks, Taoists and Confucian scholars to maintain social moral order and religious traditions; On the other hand, the official school pays attention to advocating Confucianism and cultivating the cultural literacy and ability of officials and scholars to ensure social and political stability and administrative efficiency.
With the passage of time, the boundaries between religious studies and official studies gradually blurred, and they began to influence and merge with each other, forming educational forms such as "official studies", "teaching workshops" and "academies" in the late Qing Dynasty. The educational forms such as "official learning", "teaching workshop" and "academy" in the late Qing Dynasty are more diverse, flexible and practical than religious teaching and official learning. "Official School" is a government-run school established by the Qing government, aiming at training civil servants, military attache and other officials and their children.
The official school system had a great influence on the education field of Qing Dynasty and even China feudal society. "Jiao Fang" is a school mainly for children of citizens, which was founded by gentry, famous families and other social forces. Is the "Academy" a local private school or a big background? A gentry, celebrity or squire often recruits local children, mainly to teach culture, educate talents and improve social status and prestige.
Academy in Qing dynasty
Before and after the Qing Dynasty, private principals in ancient China were basically religious schools, official schools and academies, but by the end of the Qing Dynasty, new educational forms such as official schools and teaching workshops gradually appeared and gradually transitioned to modern educational forms. The rise of these educational forms made China's education more diversified and richer in content, which had a positive impact on the development of modern education in China.